Is Attending Grad School A Wise Career Move
by Sarah E. Needleman

Thinking about seeking shelter in graduate school from the harsh job market? You might want to think again, say career counselors and graduate-school admissions officers. Having lousy employment prospects is a poor reason to enroll in a master's degree program, and it could be a waste of time and money if it doesn't help further your career goals.

Nevertheless, more hopefuls are getting ready to apply to graduate programs this spring. Test administrators say there was a 5% rise in Graduate Management Admissions Tests (GMAT), needed for applying to most M.B.A. programs, in 2002 over 2001. About 8% more people took the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). And 23% more took the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).

University of Rhode Island senior Nicole Dulude is among those headed to grad school without a firm commitment to their field of study. She'll be attending law school this fall even though she's undecided whether to be a lawyer or a newspaper editor. "My friends are stressed out about trying to find jobs, but I'm excited knowing that I won't have to face the same problems as them for another three years," she says. "Hopefully by then, the economy will have improved."

Having a graduate degree won't necessarily bolster your chances of landing your dream job, says Kelley Bishop, executive director of career services at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Mich. "Your success at getting hired will depend on what requirements an employer considers necessary for a position, and in many cases, a master's degree isn't deemed essential," he says.

Earning a master's degree in modern English literature from the University of London didn't help 28-year-old Robyn Gotch break into the editorial side of the book-publishing industry. "I thought the degree would give me an advantage, but what I didn't realize was that in publishing, everyone needs to start at the bottom," she says. Previously, Gotch worked as a premium sales assistant for publisher Penguin Putnam in New York City for two years after graduating from college in 1997. Now Gotch is back in a sales position, this time at another New York City book publisher, Simon & Schuster. "Going to graduate school didn't help at all in terms of my career, but I don't regret it because I enjoyed living in a different country," she says.

To determine if graduate school might benefit your career, ask professionals in the job you want about the skills and knowledge they needed to get there and how they developed them, says Ann McGill, deputy dean at the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago. "Don't be afraid to pick up the phone and call a person even if you don't know them," she suggests. "Professionals are almost always willing to talk about themselves, and they're even more willing to help young people make good decisions about their future careers."

New York University senior Hillary Terrell did some research to determine if the employers she's targeting favor candidates with graduate degrees. The English major is seeking an entry-level position with a book publisher. "I spoke with a lot of editors whom I interned for and most said that I'd still have to start working at the entry level even if I got a master's degree," she says. "It seems that going to graduate school would just put me behind by two years."

Terrell is still considering graduate school as a fallback option in case she doesn't land a job. She's been accepted into her alma mater's English literature program and is waiting until the school's deadline for enrollment in April to make a final decision. Meanwhile, she's gone on several interviews with publishing firms, including Random House in New York, but hasn't received any offers.

Jeffrey Pierce, a senior at Northeastern University in Boston, learned that he'd need a master's degree to reach his career goal: to be either a teacher or researcher in environmental engineering. "College provided me with just a general education in chemical engineering. I think graduate school will open up a whole new scope of knowledge for me," he says. Pierce has been accepted to four master's programs and is leaning toward Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.

Is Work Experience Necessary?

Dodging the ugly job market likely won't be an option for seniors with sights set on an M.B.A. While most academic programs, such as history or English, generally don't require work experience, many business-school programs prefer candidates who've worked for at least a year. "The exception might be if a student worked professional jobs during the summers or did several internships," says McGill.

Work experience also can help prospective students make better choices in what to study. After graduating from Tufts University in Medford, Mass., in 1996, drama major Michaela Murphy worked as a budget coordinator for student activities at her alma mater. Three years later she moved into an analyst position at a consulting firm in Waltham, Mass., and an interest in marketing blossomed.

Recognizing that she lacked basic business skills, Murphy enrolled in the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 2001, choosing a concentration in marketing, general management and economics. She now plans to pursue a career combining drama and business, perhaps as a theater manager or in a theater's marketing department. "It took a few years of work to allow me to really decide on a career direction and recognize how an M.B.A. might help me in pursuing my career," she says.

Ms. Needleman is associate editor of CollegeJournal.com.